Causative Verbs and
Relative Pronouns
A. Causative
Verbs
Let / Make / Have / Get
The following is
a mini-tutorial on the use of the causative verbs "let,"
"make," "have," and
"get." After you have studied the tutorial, complete the associated
exercises. If you already know how to use
these verbs, you can skip the explanation and go directly to the exercises.
1. LET
Formula
[let + person + verb]
Use
This
construction means "to allow someone to do something."
Examples:
·
John let me drive his new car.
·
Will your parents let you go to
the party?
·
I don't know if my boss will let
me take the day off.
2. MAKE
Formula
[make + person + verb]
Use
This
construction means "to force someone to do something."
Examples:
·
My teacher made me apologize for
what I had said.
·
Did somebody make you wear that
ugly hat?
·
She made her children do their
homework.
3. HAVE
Formula
[have + person + verb]
Use
This
construction means "to give someone the responsibility to do
something."
Examples:
·
Dr. Smith had his nurse take the
patient's temperature.
·
Please have your secretary
fax me the information.
·
I had the mechanic check the
brakes.
4. GET
Formula :
[get + person + to + verb]
Use :
This construction usually means "to convince to do something" or
"to trick someone into
doing something."
Examples:
·
Susie got her son to take the
medicine even though it tasted terrible.
·
How can parents get their
children to read more?
·
The government TV commercials are
trying to get people to stop smoking.
Get vs. Have
Sometimes "get someone to do something" is interchangeable with
"have someone do
something," but these expressions do not mean exactly the same
thing.
Examples:
·
I got the mechanic to check my
brakes.
At first the mechanic didn't think
it was necessary, but I convinced him to check the brakes.
·
I had the mechanic check my
brakes.
I asked the mechanic to check the
brakes
B. Relative Pronouns
That / Who /
Which
A
relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is called a
"relative" pronoun because it "relates" to the word that
its relative clause modifies. Here is an example:
·
The person who phoned
me last night is my teacher.
In
the above example, "who":
·
relates to "The person",
which "who phoned me last night" modifies
·
introduces the relative clause
"who phoned me last night"
There
are five relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that
Who (subject) and whom (object) are
generally only for people. Whose is for possession. Which is
for things. That can be used for things and people
only in defining relative clauses (clauses that are essential
to the sentence and do not simply add extra information).
We
use who and whom for people,
and which for things.
Or we
can use that for people or things.
We use relative pronouns:
|
Subject
|
Object
|
Possessive
|
|
who
|
who(m)
|
whose
|
|
which
|
which
|
whose
|
|
that
|
that
|
|
• after a noun,
to make it clear which person or thing we are talking about:
Examples
:
the house that Jack built
the woman who discovered radium
an eight-year-old boy who attempted
to rob a sweet shop
• to tell us more about
a person or thing:
Examples
:
My mother, who was born overseas,
has always been a great traveller.
Lord Thompson, who is 76, has just
retired.
We had fish and chips, which is
my favourite meal.
But we do not use that as
a subject in this kind of relative clause.
We use whose as
the possessive form of who:
Examples :
This is
George, whose brother went to school with me.
We sometimes
use whom as the object of a verb or
preposition:
Examples :
This is George, whom you
met at our house last year.
This is George’s brother, with whom I
went to school.
But nowadays we
normally use who:
Examples :
This is George, who you met
at our house last year.
This is George’s brother, who I
went to school with.
When whom or which have
a preposition the preposition can come at the beginning of
the clause...
Examples :
I had an uncle in Germany, from who[m] I
inherited a bit of money.
We bought a chainsaw, with which we
cut up all the wood.
… or at
the end of the clause:
I had an uncle in Germany who[m] I
inherited a bit of money from.
We bought a chainsaw, which we
cut all the wood up with.
We can
use that at the beginning of the clause:
Examples :
I had an uncle in Germany that I
inherited a bit of money from.
We bought a chainsaw that we
cut all the wood up with.
Sumber :
http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/let.html
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/pronouns-relative.htm
http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/pronouns/relative-pronouns
